Archive for the ‘museums’ Category

Museums and the Web 2008 Conference – Tagging

Wednesday, June 18th, 2008

On Social Tagging by Native Communities

Tagging can help museums understand how visitors perceive the objects in their collections. While the goal of many tagging projects is to provide better access for the public to online collections, Shelley Mannion, at the University of Lugano, is using it to learn how native communities respond to their own art. Mannion’s findings have implications for how museums can help these communities strengthen their connections to their own culture. She described her research in a lucid presentation, “Seeing Tibetan Art Through Social Tags.”

Seeing Tibetan Art tagging screen

Working with the open source tagging tool available at http.steve.museum, she asked young Tibetans in Zurich and a control group of Swiss Germans to participate in her research project by tagging six images – five traditional works and one contemporary one. She also interviewed the Tibetans in order to understand how they felt about tagging these works.

What she discovered was that often the young Tibetans didn’t have a lot of knowledge about their own culture, and they felt bad about that, which made them somewhat reluctant to tag the images. Tagging by both the Tibetans and the Swiss Germans showed misunderstandings about the images – what Jennifer Trant calls “teachable moments.” “Tag vocabulary is a window into what people notice. It’s interesting as much for the aggregate, (what many people notice) as for the outlier (what’s noticed by only one).” J.Trant’s blog, March 7, 2008.

Through tagging, visitors “teach” curators what they know about the works, what interests them, what they see and don’t see. Since tagging can expose where the gaps in people’s knowledge are, curators also learn what they need to be “teaching.”

Also, tagging can help to identify individuals in the native community who can translate the concepts of one culture into another. These “translators” can help the museum create materials to support the community’s engagement with objects from their own culture. Mannion’s presentation concludes with some advice to bear in mind when designing tagging systems for communities: Think about what would motivate them to participate, and what type of interface would facilitate their participation – something game-like, perhaps.

Mannion’s research, funded by The Rubin Foundation, is ongoing. The tagging project website Seeing Tibet Through Social Tags is inviting Tibetans and non-Tibetans living in New York to participate in the tagging research project. So, log on and tag. It will make you think.

Museums and the Web 2008 Conference – Usability

Sunday, June 1st, 2008

On User Expectations & Personalization

Steven Smith, whose consulting firm United Focus is based in Australia, ran a mini-workshop on User Expectations. He discussed the types of personal factors that influence users, as well as the external factors – such as a visitor’s level of web experience, previous knowledge of your museum, their entry point, the page they land on when they arrive on your website.

 

He ended by highlighted key factors influencing web visitor expectations now:

- the rise of social networking sites

- sites that enable user generated content

- the improved speed of access.

- personalization

 

Increasingly sites are emulating Amazon’s personalized approach – that “Hello Robin” greeting I get every time I go there – and people will begin to expect to see content filtered to their taste on every content based site. He left us with this thought: “the visitor is king, not the content.”

 

Of course we all have to be more aware of our visitors these days, but actually content is the only reason that anyone goes to any site on the web, and museums are bursting with content. The challenge is to figure out how to make it more accessible and more appealing. Seeding your content to social networking sites by establishing FaceBook pages, Flickr accounts, etc, lets you create connections with niche audiences anywhere in the world. You need a strategy for how to create this new, expanded presence on the web.

Museums and the Web 2008 Conference – Metrics

Wednesday, May 7th, 2008

The Session on Metrics Was Great

Sebastian Chan of Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, Australia gave an eye opening evaluation of the metrics generally used by museums to understand how successful their websites are. Typically you rely on information about the number of new visitors, page visits, amount of time spent on a page, and podcast downloads, for example, to tell you about the usefulness or popularity of various pages or features on your site. Yet as he explained in his excellent session, these statistics are seriously skewed – by search bots crawling your site, open browser tabs on people’s desktops, and RSS feeds, nor is there a way to track whether podcast downloaders actually watch or listen to your programs.

Powerhouse Museum home page

Chan went on to talk about social networking sites as places where museums can learn more reliable information about how they are perceived in the great big internet community, whether or not they have a formal presence in these spaces.

If your museum has pages on MySpace or FaceBook, videos on YouTube or Blip.tv, hosts blogs or has Flickr accounts or a presence in Second Life, take a look at the interactions occurring in these places to see how people are responding to your content. Chances are you will find comments that don’t appear on visitor surveys.

But even if you haven’t created a presence for yourself in these social spaces, other people will be creating one for you – blogging about a visit to your recent exhibition, posting pictures of your building to Flickr, etc. Chan recommends doing “what are known as ‘ego searches’ for [your] brand name, event or exhibition name.” You can search all of these sites to see what people are posting or saying about you, and do blog searches through technorati.com, for example.

These things will tell you more about how people perceive your museum, more about your “presence” on the web than straight metrics ever will. Then you can use this information to begin, or to continue, to develop your web presence in ways that serve your audience and your museum. His excellent paper is online here.

Museums and the Web 2008 Conference

Tuesday, April 22nd, 2008

Museums & The Web

Virtually everyone who went to MW2008 in Montreal earlier this month is already deeply committed to moving their institutions further into the social media/web 2.0 space. There were 600 or 700 people there, so for a conference it was an intimate event, and also international, with participants came from museums in Australia, Finland, Italy, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Britain, Canada, Germany, the US and 18 other countries.

Over the next few posts I’ll give you a round-up of the themes, good examples and memorable stories from the sessions I attended. If any of you were also there and have something to add, please do!

One of the themes I heard expressed most often was that you never know what knowledge visitors have about your collections until you give them an opportunity to share their comments. A terrific example of this is the Library of Congress initiative on Flickr. Several months ago they uploaded thousands of photos from their collections and have invited the public to add tags and comments. Why did they do this? Because, to quote from their Flickr page, “the identifying information that came with the original photos… can be incomplete and is even inaccurate at times. We welcome your contribution of names, descriptions, locations, tags, and also your general reactions….More words are needed to help more people find and use these pictures.” If the Library of Congress trusts ordinary people to provide worthwhile information, perhaps your institution can take advantage of this untapped knowledge source as well.

Another related theme was that visitors have a very different perspective on objects and artworks than curators do, and those view points are often refreshing and help us see things in new ways. A case in point comes from The Brooklyn Museum. In her presentation, Shelly Bernstein reaffirmed the benefits they’ve experienced from making the Museum’s collection available on multiple social sites, and from inviting the public to respond to it. Their current example of collaborating with the public is the exhibition project Click.

Click!

Inspired by the high quality of visitors’ photographs of works in their collection, and posted on Flickr, they are now organizing an exhibition of photographs of the changing face of Brooklyn, taken by the public, and then curated by the public. As their website says, “The results will be analyzed and discussed by experts in the fields of art, online communities, and crowd theory.”Read all about it here.

Another point that kept bubbling up to the surface was that “it’s better to beg forgiveness than to ask permission.” Often there’s no consensus within the museum about whether to embrace any of “this web 2.0 stuff” or how to do it. In these cases a common tactic has been for an intrepid curator, web producer, marketing person, or educator on staff to just start putting videos on YouTube, or blogging, or constructing a FaceBook page and calling it an experiment – for as long as possible, under the theory that it’s easier to sell an idea once you have some results.

I’ll be posting more on some of the specific sessions – about emerging audiences, user generated content, metrics, YouTube, social tagging and a cool very user friendly programming language, so stay tuned. The conference website has all the session descriptions, speaker bios, papers and of course, blogs, so check it out.

Museums and Visitors: Interacting on the Web and in the Galleries – Part 5: Sharing Content

Wednesday, February 20th, 2008

This is Part 5 of a five part conversation with Holly Sidford. Please see the Archive to access the first four parts.

Robin: Here’s a real world example of a museum actually soliciting ideas from its audience and acting on them.

Brooklyn Historical Society logo

The Brooklyn Historical Society started a project where they invite community groups to propose subjects for exhibitions, and then use material in the BHS collection to create those shows. They’re saying to the incredibly diverse population of Brooklyn, “It’s your history and your stories we want to tell” and people who never attended the museum before are coming. Right now there’s a show called Lost in Transition: South Brooklyn, Williamsburg & Coney Island, which includes pictures taken by teenagers in the Urban Memory Project.

Let’s not only capture your interest, but feed it!

Holly: Well, after collecting all this information about what web visitors are interested in, wouldn’t it be great if museums could respond by feeding their interests? Since you liked this, you may also want to know about that. Like Amazon and other vendors who lead customers from one purchase to others — how can museums tailor their information to the individual’s interests? The commercial world has set a standard for customer responsiveness that, for good or ill, museums must now meet.

Amazon recommendations

Robin: Exactly – what Amazon and other sites use is called recommendation software. Museums could track visitors’ interests through the audio and video tour stops they select, for instance. For the moment though, it seems like visitors are feeding each others’ interests rather than waiting for museums to do it, and museums are offering blogs, and other platforms for them to do this. The New Museum’s new site, for example, has a Share link so you can share info from their site with your friends, either by email, or by adding the url to your del.icio.us account, or to a shared calendar, or to StumbleThis.

New Museum's share links

What’s happening is that the museum visitors are becoming the source of news – sharing information about common interests from myriad sources, rather than relying on one source.

Think about the relationship building that would occur if the museum’s experts also participated in these information-sharing networks. It will be great when museums figure out how to do that, and even how to position themselves as the go-to source for information about stuff that YOU are specifically interested in.

Holly: In the meantime, your stories – at the Cantor Art Center, and the Austrian Museum — are wonderful examples of the interaction between museum and visitor becoming a conversation instead of a one way broadcast. It doesn’t in any way denigrate the authority or the knowledge of the people who work in the museum. It only acknowledges that everybody has a chance to learn something, and that both the staff of the museum and its visitors are still learning. And that’s very much in keeping with what’s happening in the larger culture, where exchange is increasingly peer-to-peer-to-peer and hierarchies of all kinds are breaking down. Because people have access to so much information now and our confidence in authority figures has eroded, perhaps beyond repair.

Robin: The days of the museum as wunderkammer are gone but they still have absolutely unique content, and things that can inspire a state of wonder in visitors. Museums need to take that message out to places where people are, and make it available on technologies that people use – their computers, iPods and cell phones.

Holly: It’s a much more competitive environment now than even ten years ago, with so much more information and choices coming at people, all the more reason why cultural institutions have to get very clear about their real intentions regarding visitors as well as very savvy about their public relations and marketing. They have to seriously confront cultural change – demographic change, technological and economic change, global movements of population and money, even climate change. All these trends have an impact on museums, and if they’re not actively engaging these issues they’re going to be actively affected by them.

Robin: So we agree that while there are unprecedented opportunities for museums in using web 2.0 technologies, implementing them is a challenge. Museum leaders need the vision and commitment to genuinely open their doors wider on the web, but they also need a strategy for how to do it most effectively. Only then can they take charge of defining their presence on the internet, and engage on many levels with old and new audiences.

Museums and Visitors: Interacting on the Web and in the Galleries – Part 3: Using Podcasts

Wednesday, February 20th, 2008

This is Part 3 of a five part conversation with Holly Sidford. Please see the Archives to access the other parts.

Robin: Science centers have been cultivating students for much longer than art museums have, in part because science is always part of the curriculum. Schools and art and history museums have only recently begun to see each other as natural partners.

Holly: Our culture values science, and we value the uncertainties of science. We believe that inquiring about the unknown – at least in the sciences – will produce something of value. We know that science is being made every day, and it’s “bringing good things to our lives.” We don’t have that idea about art and history. We don’t think: “There are historians out there creating history and what they make will be valuable to us,” or “There are artists out there asking questions and making us see things in new and unexpected ways and that will add essential value to my life.” In my view, the curators and the museums that do convey that sense of discovery and engaging value really stand out from the rest.

Robin: But also most people don’t see a connection between themselves and these subjects – science, history and art. And when they go out to spend their time and money they’re looking for places where they can make a connection, have fun, be entertained. And if they can’t find those things at museums they’ll go to other places, or stay home and choose from a zillion choices offered to them by Netflix, the web or TV – the phenomenon known as “cocooning.” So, what’s a museum to do?

BMA's First Saturday party

Holly: Well, look at the the Brooklyn Museum’s First Saturdays. They’ve become one of the hottest things happening that night. These events are wildly popular with people of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. The museum has initiated “meet ups” and social networking strategies, Web 2.0, etc. They’ve developed a range of mechanisms for getting groups of young people in their 20s to think of the museum as the place to socialize. People want to have novel experiences, they want to meet their friends, they want to do things that are fun. The more museums understand that phenomenon and develop strategies to meet different cohorts’ needs, the more successful they will be. What you and I want to do is different from what our teenagers want to do, but we could both do it in a museum if that institution were sensitive to the varieties of experience that all of us want. But doing that is really tough.

Robin: But not impossible. And museums can provide experiences an opportunities that are absolutely unique. Actually, this summer the Austrian Museum of Folk Life and Folk Art in Vienna opened Museum inside out where they literally brought the work of the museum – registering, digitizing, evaluating objects from their collection – into the galleries so visitors could see what staff do, and ask questions. And they did it as an experiment to create a dialogue between experts and visitors. Like the Cantor Center show we were talking about in the Using Blog post, it’s a unique opportunity for visitors to interact with museum staff, to observe, ask, share, learn and increase their appreciation of the art and the work of the museum. Plus, it’s a reason to go there – you get to have an experience you can’t have anywhere else.

squirrel skull

The American Museum of Natural History, used to do something wonderful once or twice a year: they’d invite people to bring in bones, rocks and other stuff they’ve found and show it to a curator who would identify – hopefully – what it was. One year we brought a little skull we’d found in Quemado, NM. My son was six at the time. And he was so excited to show it to a real scientist. Of course it turned out to be a rabbit skull instead of a little dinosaur head. But it was so cool to have a conversation with an expert about something that was important to us.

Holly: Everybody wants to be in on a secret. The Austrian Museum certainly understood that. All these institutions have tremendous mysteries to share, whether it’s how you conserve a painting or prove it’s not a fake, or how you put a show together and discover connections between one artistic tradition and another. Let people in on the magic! Videotape and other media offer great ways to allow a lot of people “behind the scenes” without actually having them traipse through the Conservation Department. And why does it only have to be just one day a year? If you do it on a regular basis more people hear about it, more people get involved. You have to start where people are – and cross the river where it’s narrowest.

AFA Larry Poons video podcast

Robin: Sure – meet the curator, meet the conservator etc. Mystic Seaport has produced video podcasts like that – available for download from iTunes. Another theme is “behind the scenes in history” the story of how something really happened. For example, we recently produced a series of video podcasts for the American Federation of Arts to accompany their traveling exhibition “Color As Field: American Painting 1955-1975.” It’s at The Denver Museum of Art now. We recorded a conversation between the exhibition curator, Karen Wilkin, and the artist Larry Poons. He describes very vividly the behind the scenes relationships between the artists, critics and dealers, and as a result you get a sense of what it was like to be part of that intense ’60s art scene and you think about the paintings differently, even if you don’t get to see the show itself.

Podcasting is relatively easy to do and many museums are interested in it, so I’ll be doing two Video Podcasting Tutorials at the AAM Conference in Denver in April.

Museums and Visitors: Interacting on the Web and in the Galleries – Part 1: Using YouTube

Thursday, February 14th, 2008

Recently I had a conversation with Holly Sidford, President of Helicon Collaborative, a cultural development company.* Holly and I are, to use Salman Rushdie’s term, “museum brats,” growing up near the Mint Museum and The Metropolitan Museum of Art respectively. We are both very interested in how new technologies have begun to impact cultural institutions, as they try to sustain and expand audiences. Our conversation ranged over a number of themes, including the benefits of using web 2.0 applications.

Brooklyn Museum, courtesy National Archives

Robin: The traditional experience of going to a museum was kind of a silent, private affair where you went to appreciate the artworks or objects, mostly because you were already interested in them. You didn’t need to be convinced of their value or meaning. But that way of thinking has really lost currency in the last decade. These days it seems visitors want to be engaged rather than left to contemplate, and they expect museums to support their particular interests – with audio-video tours, computer interactives and opportunities to share their thoughts.

Holly: It seems to me the vast majority of visitors to museums are sampling, they’re after pleasurable experiences. More and more, people come to museums with expectations shaped by their experience in commercial venues so they expect things to be highly mediated, tailored to their individual interests; they expect things to be very fast moving and stimulating. They expect their opinions to be valued – or at least they expect to be able to share their opinions at some point in their visit.

Robin: They expect a lot more from museums than they used to!

Holly: A good example of this is the video talk-back program that was part of the New York Historical Society’s exhibit, Slavery and New York. The exhibit designers, Richard Rabinowitz and Lynda Kaplan, made it possible for people who attended to share their thoughts about the show, and about slavery itself, about race and racism and other issues, on video – to talk back to the museum and reflect on their experiences. Thousands of people took advantage of that invitation. That’s just one demonstration of people’s hunger to have their own opinions validated and to have some sort of interaction with the material on the wall.

New-York Historical Society Talk Back video on Youtube

Robin: And not only were the video talkbacks available at the Historical Society, they were also posted to YouTube for everybody to see! This is a really good example of using social networking media – YouTube – to link the museum and its exhibition to a broader audience. Most of those clips on YouTube received fewer than 100 views but one of the shorter ones has over 1,000 views. The Historical Society’s new exhibition on the Marquis De Lafayette, by the same curators, continues with video talk-backs so they are demonstrating their commitment to hearing from visitors. In the process N-YHS wlll learn a lot about what their visitors think, and if they continue to post them to YouTube, they’ll carve a niche for themselves with a larger audience and attract new visitors to their galleries. YouTube and other video sharing services will be the focus of another report coming soon.

It seems like a win-win situation, but many institutions don’t see it that way. They’re reluctant to give visitors a chance to voice their opinions. Perhaps they don’t really want to know what visitors think; perhaps they’re afraid to yield some of the power they have to control the exhibition narrative and define the meaning of the objects. It’s understandable, but how can museum staff overcome that resistance? How do curators keep the scholarship bar high, while making visitors feel engaged and respected? The conversation continues in Part 2: Using Blogs, Part 3: Using Podcasts, Part 4: Using FaceBook, and Part 5: Sharing Content.